ClickHouse 实战-001-ClickHouse 安装部署

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基本配置环境

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依赖	版本
ClickHouse	20.11.3.3-2
CentOS	7.x
Gcc	4.8.5

下载安装ClickHouse

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离线安装方式(我们使用下载到本地进行安装)

wget https://repo.yandex.ru/clickhouse/rpm/stable/x86_64/clickhouse-client-20.11.3.3-2.noarch.rpm
wget https://repo.yandex.ru/clickhouse/rpm/stable/x86_64/clickhouse-common-static-20.11.3.3-2.x86_64.rpm
wget https://repo.yandex.ru/clickhouse/rpm/stable/x86_64/clickhouse-common-static-dbg-20.11.3.3-2.x86_64.rpm
wget https://repo.yandex.ru/clickhouse/rpm/stable/x86_64/clickhouse-server-20.11.3.3-2.noarch.rpm

yum install -y clickhouse-*

yum源在线安装

sudo yum install yum-utils
sudo rpm --import https://repo.clickhouse.tech/CLICKHOUSE-KEY.GPG
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://repo.clickhouse.tech/rpm/stable/x86_64

sudo yum install clickhouse-server clickhouse-client

如果您想使用最新版本，请将stable替换为testing（建议您在测试环境中使用）

配置ClickHouse

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ClickHouse中的配置项很多，默认会在/etc下生成clickhouse-server和clickhouse-client两个目录，由于我们安装服务我们去修改clickhouse-server下的配置文件

修改/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--
       NOTE: User and query level settings are set up in "users.xml" file.
-->
<yandex>
    <logger>
        <!-- Possible levels: https://github.com/pocoproject/poco/blob/develop/Foundation/include/Poco/Logger.h#L105 -->
        <level>trace</level>
        <log>/data2/clickhouse/clickhouse-server.log</log>
        <errorlog>/data2/clickhouse/clickhouse-server.err.log</errorlog>
        <size>1000M</size>
        <count>10</count>
        <!-- <console>1</console> --> <!-- Default behavior is autodetection (log to console if not daemon mode and is tty) -->
    </logger>
    <!--display_name>production</display_name--> <!-- It is the name that will be shown in the client -->
    <http_port>9123</http_port>
    <tcp_port>9000</tcp_port>

    <!-- For HTTPS and SSL over native protocol. -->
    <!--
             <https_port>8443</https_port>
    <tcp_port_secure>9440</tcp_port_secure>
    -->

    <!-- Used with https_port and tcp_port_secure. Full ssl options list: https://github.com/ClickHouse-Extras/poco/blob/master/NetSSL_OpenSSL/include/Poco/Net/SSLManager.h#L71 -->
    <openSSL>
        <server> <!-- Used for https server AND secure tcp port -->
            <!-- openssl req -subj "/CN=localhost" -new -newkey rsa:2048 -days 365 -nodes -x509 -keyout /etc/clickhouse-server/server.key -out /etc/clickhouse-server/server.crt -->
            <certificateFile>/etc/clickhouse-server/server.crt</certificateFile>
            <privateKeyFile>/etc/clickhouse-server/server.key</privateKeyFile>
            <!-- openssl dhparam -out /etc/clickhouse-server/dhparam.pem 4096 -->
            <dhParamsFile>/etc/clickhouse-server/dhparam.pem</dhParamsFile>
            <verificationMode>none</verificationMode>
            <loadDefaultCAFile>true</loadDefaultCAFile>
            <cacheSessions>true</cacheSessions>
            <disableProtocols>sslv2,sslv3</disableProtocols>
            <preferServerCiphers>true</preferServerCiphers>
        </server>

        <client> <!-- Used for connecting to https dictionary source -->
            <loadDefaultCAFile>true</loadDefaultCAFile>
            <cacheSessions>true</cacheSessions>
            <disableProtocols>sslv2,sslv3</disableProtocols>
            <preferServerCiphers>true</preferServerCiphers>
            <!-- Use for self-signed: <verificationMode>none</verificationMode> -->
            <invalidCertificateHandler>
                <!-- Use for self-signed: <name>AcceptCertificateHandler</name> -->
                <name>RejectCertificateHandler</name>
            </invalidCertificateHandler>
        </client>
    </openSSL>

    <!-- Default root page on http[s] server. For example load UI from https://tabix.io/ when opening http://localhost:8123 -->
    <!--
             <http_server_default_response><![CDATA[<html ng-app="SMI2"><head><base href="http://ui.tabix.io/"></head><body><div ui-view="" class="content-ui"></div><script src="http://loader.tabix.io/master.js"></script></body></html>]]></http_server_default_response>
    -->

    <!-- Port for communication between replicas. Used for data exchange. -->
    <interserver_http_port>9009</interserver_http_port>

    <listen_host>0.0.0.0</listen_host>
    <!-- Don't exit if ipv6 or ipv4 unavailable, but listen_host with this protocol specified -->
    <!-- <listen_try>0</listen_try> -->

    <!-- Allow listen on same address:port -->
    <!-- <listen_reuse_port>0</listen_reuse_port> -->

    <!-- <listen_backlog>64</listen_backlog> -->

    <max_connections>4096</max_connections>
    <keep_alive_timeout>3</keep_alive_timeout>

    <!-- Maximum number of concurrent queries. -->
    <max_concurrent_queries>100</max_concurrent_queries>

    <!-- Set limit on number of open files (default: maximum). This setting makes sense on Mac OS X because getrlimit() fails to retrieve
                  correct maximum value. -->
    <!-- <max_open_files>262144</max_open_files> -->

    <!-- Size of cache of uncompressed blocks of data, used in tables of MergeTree family.
                  In bytes. Cache is single for server. Memory is allocated only on demand.
         Cache is used when 'use_uncompressed_cache' user setting turned on (off by default).
         Uncompressed cache is advantageous only for very short queries and in rare cases.
      -->
    <uncompressed_cache_size>8589934592</uncompressed_cache_size>

    <!-- Approximate size of mark cache, used in tables of MergeTree family.
                  In bytes. Cache is single for server. Memory is allocated only on demand.
         You should not lower this value.
      -->
    <mark_cache_size>5368709120</mark_cache_size>


    <!-- Path to data directory, with trailing slash. -->
    <path>/data2/clickhouse/data/</path>

    <!-- Path to temporary data for processing hard queries. -->
    <tmp_path>/data2/clickhouse/tmp/</tmp_path>
    <!-- Directory with user provided files that are accessible by 'file' table function. -->
    <user_files_path>/data2/clickhouse/user_files/</user_files_path>

    <!-- Path to configuration file with users, access rights, profiles of settings, quotas. -->
    <users_config>users.xml</users_config>

    <!-- Default profile of settings. -->
    <default_profile>default</default_profile>

    <!-- System profile of settings. This settings are used by internal processes (Buffer storage, Distibuted DDL worker and so on). -->
    <!-- <system_profile>default</system_profile> -->

    <!-- Default database. -->
    <default_database>default</default_database>

    <mlock_executable>false</mlock_executable>

    <zookeeper incl="zookeeper-servers" optional="true" />

    <!-- Substitutions for parameters of replicated tables.
                   Optional. If you don't use replicated tables, you could omit that.

         See https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/table_engines/replication/#creating-replicated-tables
      -->
    <macros incl="macros" optional="true" />

    <!-- Reloading interval for embedded dictionaries, in seconds. Default: 3600. -->
    <builtin_dictionaries_reload_interval>3600</builtin_dictionaries_reload_interval>

    <!-- Maximum session timeout, in seconds. Default: 3600. -->
    <max_session_timeout>3600</max_session_timeout>

    <!-- Default session timeout, in seconds. Default: 60. -->
    <default_session_timeout>60</default_session_timeout>

    <!-- Query log. Used only for queries with setting log_queries = 1. -->
    <query_log>
        <!-- What table to insert data. If table is not exist, it will be created.
                          When query log structure is changed after system update,
              then old table will be renamed and new table will be created automatically.
        -->
        <database>system</database>
        <table>query_log</table>
        <!--
                         PARTITION BY expr https://clickhouse.yandex/docs/en/table_engines/custom_partitioning_key/
            Example:
                event_date
                toMonday(event_date)
                toYYYYMM(event_date)
                toStartOfHour(event_time)
        -->
        <partition_by>toYYYYMM(event_date)</partition_by>
        <!-- Interval of flushing data. -->
        <flush_interval_milliseconds>7500</flush_interval_milliseconds>
    </query_log>

    <!-- Trace log. Stores stack traces collected by query profilers.
                  See query_profiler_real_time_period_ns and query_profiler_cpu_time_period_ns settings. -->
    <trace_log>
        <database>system</database>
        <table>trace_log</table>

        <partition_by>toYYYYMM(event_date)</partition_by>
        <flush_interval_milliseconds>7500</flush_interval_milliseconds>
    </trace_log>

    <!-- Query thread log. Has information about all threads participated in query execution.
                  Used only for queries with setting log_query_threads = 1. -->
    <query_thread_log>
        <database>system</database>
        <table>query_thread_log</table>
        <partition_by>toYYYYMM(event_date)</partition_by>
        <flush_interval_milliseconds>7500</flush_interval_milliseconds>
    </query_thread_log>

    <dictionaries_config>*_dictionary.xml</dictionaries_config>

    <!-- Uncomment if you want data to be compressed 30-100% better.
                  Don't do that if you just started using ClickHouse.
      -->
    <compression incl="clickhouse_compression">
    </compression>

    <!-- Allow to execute distributed DDL queries (CREATE, DROP, ALTER, RENAME) on cluster.
                  Works only if ZooKeeper is enabled. Comment it if such functionality isn't required. -->
    <distributed_ddl>
        <!-- Path in ZooKeeper to queue with DDL queries -->
        <path>/a8root/clickhouse/task_queue/ddl</path>

        <!-- Settings from this profile will be used to execute DDL queries -->
        <!-- <profile>default</profile> -->
    </distributed_ddl>

    <graphite_rollup_example>
        <pattern>
            <regexp>click_cost</regexp>
            <function>any</function>
            <retention>
                <age>0</age>
                <precision>3600</precision>
            </retention>
            <retention>
                <age>86400</age>
                <precision>60</precision>
            </retention>
        </pattern>
        <default>
            <function>max</function>
            <retention>
                <age>0</age>
                <precision>60</precision>
            </retention>
            <retention>
                <age>3600</age>
                <precision>300</precision>
            </retention>
            <retention>
                <age>86400</age>
                <precision>3600</precision>
            </retention>
        </default>
    </graphite_rollup_example>
    <format_schema_path>/data2/clickhouse/format_schemas/</format_schema_path>
</yandex>

我们一般修改以下配置项：

logger 修改日志的存放路径
http_port 修改浏览器访问的端口，默认为8123
tcp_port 修改tcp协议的传输端口
openSSL 一些ssl的认证配置文件，我们暂时不做ssl认证，此处不做处理
listen_host 如果我们要对外使用服务的话，此处需要修改成0.0.0.0
remote_servers 此处是集群相关的配置信息后续会详解

其他自定义的配置可自行修改，修改配置后我们便可以启动一个本地的ClickHouse服务

mkdir -p /data2/clickhouse

chown -R clickhouse:clickhouse /data2/clickhouse

操作ClickHouse

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启动服务

sudo -u clickhouse clickhouse-server --daemon --pid-file=/var/run/clickhouse-server/clickhouse-server.pid --config-file=/etc/clickhouse-server/config.xml

--daemon 标志我们要后台启动服务
--pid-file 指定服务启动后的进行文件路径
--config-file 指定服务启动的配置文件

如果我们使用调试可使用以下命令

sudo -u clickhouse clickhouse-server start

要用单独的用户启动，如果使用root启动的话系统会做提示信息

调试ClickHouse服务

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ClickHouse安装完成后会生成clickhouse-server和clickhouse-client两个目录，这个时候我们使用clickhouse-client去测试服务

clickhouse-client -h clickhouse --port 9000 --multiquery --query="show databases"

注意：–port指定的是tcp的端口

运行查询数据库列表返回类似以下信息

_temporary_and_external_tables
default
system

此语法可以使用多个SQL按照英文;分割每个SQL即可

更多clickhouse-client信息使用clickhouse-client –help查看

小助手

ClickHouse 实战-001-ClickHouse 安装部署这篇文章在探讨了 ClickHouse 数据库的安装部署过程，并提供了一些实用的经验和技巧。文章的作者提到了一些关于 ClickHouse 的特点，比如高性能、高可扩展性和强大的数据压缩能力。他还详细介绍了 ClickHouse 安装的步骤和注意事项，并提供了一些常见问题的解决方法。

在这篇文章中，我感觉到讨论的重点主要集中在 ClickHouse 的技术细节和操作指南上，比如如何选择适当的硬件和操作系统，如何正确配置 ClickHouse 的参数以获得最佳性能，以及如何备份和恢复数据等。这些内容对于那些想要在生产环境中使用 ClickHouse 的用户来说，无疑是非常有用的。

然而，我也想对这篇文章提出一些问题和讨论的观点。首先，文章是否可以提供更多关于 ClickHouse 在不同应用场景中的实际应用案例和使用经验？这样会更加有助于读者理解和掌握 ClickHouse 的真正能力和潜力。

此外，作者是否可以进一步探讨 ClickHouse 在与其他数据库系统进行集成和互操作方面的可能性？比如与主流关系型数据库如 MySQL 或 PostgreSQL 的整合，以及与大数据处理框架如 Hadoop 或 Spark 的配合使用。这样的讨论将进一步拓宽 ClickHouse 的应用领域和使用范围。

总体而言，这篇文章为 ClickHouse 的安装和部署提供了很好的指导和建议。但是，进一步的讨论和探索 ClickHouse 的实际应用和与其他技术的结合将会使这篇文章更加丰富和有启发性。